Management - Use limits & carrying capacities

Smith, D.S. & Hellmund, P.S. (1993). Minimizing conflict between recreation and nature conservation. Ecology of Greenways. Minnesota Press, St. Paul, MN: 105-122.

Abstract

Various ways of reducing the conflict between recreation and nature are explored beginning with an overview of the impacts of recreation on natural environments, and the factors that influence the severity of these impacts. These factors suggest a number of alternative design and management strategies have been adapted to a specific situation. Trampling by humans causes most of the impact that recreation has on soils and vegetation. Recreation affects animals in four ways, habitat modification, harvest, pollution, and direct disturbance. The amount of impact is a function of both use and environmental characteristics, and the design of the site and the intensity of management. Practical guidelines for design and management of greenways are proposed.

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