Environmental Impact - Wildlife/Vegetation Effects
Fetterolf, P. M. (1981). Reproductive success of minimally disturbed ring-billed gulls. Colonial Water birds, 4(68).
Abstract
Reproductive success of ring-billed gulls was monitored during
three breeding seasons. Investigator disturbance during incubation ranged
from one 15-minute visit in 1980 to nestjshecks every second day in 1977
to 1978. Minimally disturbed reproductive success was at least 60% higher
than the average from previous studies when disturbance was more severe.
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