Environmental Impact - Wildlife/Vegetation Effects

Ferguson. M.A.D., & Langvatn, R. (1985). Influence of Nordic skiing on distribution of moose and elk in Elk Island National Park, Alberta. Canadian Field Naturalist, 96: 69-78.

Abstract

Effects of cross-country skiing on distribution of Moose and Elk during winter were studied on Elk Island National Park, Alberta. Aerial observations, and track and pellet-group counts provided indices to distribution that could be related to trail location and/or use. Cross-country skiing influenced the general over winter distribution of Moose but not of Elk. Both species, however, tended to move away from areas near heavily-used trails during the ski season (January-March). Day to day movements away from trails occurred after the onset of skiing, but such displacement did not increase with the passage of additional skiers.

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