Environmental Impact - Wildlife/Vegetation Effects
Geist, V. (1971). Is big game harassment harmful? Oilweek, 22(17): 12-13.
Abstract
Harassment of North American big game is considered in terms
of animal energy
budgets and physical damage. Energy "costs" of harassment are
calculated as energy
expended above and beyond normal daily expenditures. Chronic harassment
may
result in reduced reproductive rates and increased mortality.
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