Environmental Impact - Soil/water effects

Adkinson, G. P. (1991). Ecological Impacts of Trail Use in Three Indiana Nature preserves. Masters thesis: The School of Graduate Studies, Dept. of Life Sciences. Indiana State University Terre Haute, Indiana: 137.
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Allan, G. E. (1981). Remote sensing of off-road vehicle impacts to soil and vegetation on the Lac du Bois rangelands. Kamloops, British Columbia. Vancouver, B.C., University of British Columbia.

Anderson, E., Mason, P., & Holmes, E. (1989). Blue experimental ATV trail. Unity, ME, Unity College: 1-39.
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Belnap, J. (2002). Impacts of off-road vehicles on nitrogen cycles in biological soil crusts: resistance in different U.S. deserts. Journal of Arid Environments 52: 155-165.
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Bergdolt, F., Dreisbach, P., Lynch, J., Prehmus, C., Thomas, B. & Turnbull, H. (2001). WSDOT Wetland Mitigation Sites, Washington State Department of Transportation - Environmental Affairs Office.
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Bratton, S.P., Hickler, M. G. & Graves, J. H.(1979). Trail erosion patters in great Smokey mountains national park. Environmental Management 3(5): 431-445.
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Carlson, J. & Elliott, G. (1990). Water quality monitoring report. Rock Creek Watershed, Georgetown Ranger District: 1-5.
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Carlson, J., Christansen, C., & Elliott, G. (1990). Dru Barner Trail Ride Water Quality Monitoring Plan. Rock Creek Watershed Georgetown Ranger District.
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Carter, A. R. (1994). Relative impact of off-road bicycle and hiker traffic on soils: An experimental study. University of Boulder, Colorado: 116pp.

Coleman, R. (1981). Footpath erosion in the English Lake district. Applied Geography 1: 121-131.
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Davidson, E. & Fox, M. (1974). Effects of off-road motorcycle activity on Mojave desert vegetation and soil. Madrano 22: 381-390.

Dickey, R. H., Bovey, L. V., & Babcock, S.G. A study of California desert soils subjected to recreational vehicle use for the bureau of land management. San Juan Capistrano, CA: 1-20.
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Dotzenko, A.D., Papamichos, N. T., & Romine, D. S. (1967). Effect of recreational use on soil and moisture conditions in rocky mountain national park. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation: 196-197.
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Eckert, R.E. Jr., Wood, M.K., Blackburn, W.H. & Peterson, E.F. (1979). Impacts of off-road vehicles on the infiltration and sediment production of two desert soils. Journal of Range Management 32(5): 394-397.
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Fish, E. B., Borthers, G.L., & Lewis, R.B. (1981). Erosional impacts of trails in Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas. Landscape Planning, 8: 387-398.
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Furniss, M.J., Flanagan, S.A. & McFadin, B. A. Hydrologicallly-connected roads: An indicator of the influence of roads on chronic sedimentation, surface water hydrology, and exposure to toxic chemicals: 1-2.
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Joyce, T. (1994). Analysis of the effects of off-road vehicle use on soil properties in North America's arid regions.

Karafiath, L. L., & Nowatzki, E. A. (1978). Soil mechanics for off-road vehicle engineering. Clausthal, Germany, Trans Tech Publications.

Kilroy, B., & Tour, J. (1998). Boulder buster: Breaking rocks without explosives. Missoula, MT: U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Technology and Development Program.
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Lawson, D. E. (1986). Response of permafrost terrain to disturbance. Arctic and Alpine Research 18(1): 1-17.
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Liddle, M.J. & Greig-Smith, P. (1974). A survey of tracks and paths in a sand dune ecosystem. Design and management of OHV Areas, 893-930.
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Liddle, M. J., & Moore, K. G. (1974). The microclimate of sand dune tracks: the relative contribution of vegetation removal and soil compression. Journal of Applied Ecology, 11(3), 1057-1068.

Meyer, K. G. (2001). An introduction to the management of degraded ATV trails on wet, unstable & permafrost environments in Southcentral & interior Alaska. National Park Service Alaska Support Office, Rivers, Trails and Conservative Assistance Program: 1-49.
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Miller, C. K. (1994). Environmental impacts of passive recreational trails in riparian areas. Paper presented at the Sixth Annual Colorado Riparian Association Conference, Alamosa, CA.
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Nordstrom, K.F., & Lotstein, E.L. (1989). Perspectives on resource use of dynamic coastal dunes. The American Geographical Society of New York.
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Okello, J. A. (1989). A review and selection of soil strength characterization techniques for prediction of terrain vehicle performance. Bedford, AFRC Institute of Engineering Research.

Pergler, C. C. (1983). Effects of off-road vehicles on soil and vegetation at three California state vehicular recreation areas.

Position and comments in support of voluntary sound management. (1996). Westerville, OH: American Motorcyclist Association.
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Quinn, N. W., & Morgan, R. P. C. (1979). Simulation of soil erosion induced by human trampling. Journal of Environmental Management, 10, 155-165.
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Rickard, W. Jr & Brown, J. (1974). Effects of vehicles on arctic tundra. Environmental Conservation 1(1): 55-62.
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Slaughter, C.W., Racine, C.H.,Walker, D.A., Johnson, L.A., & Abele, G. (1990). Use of off-road vehicles and mitigation of effects in Alaska permafrost environments. Areview Environmental management 14(1): 63-72.
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Smith, D. L. O., & Dickson, J. W. (1990). Contributions of vehicle weight and ground pressure to soil compaction. Journal of agricultural engineering research, 46, 13-29.
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Sparrow, S. D., Wooding, F.J., & Whiting, E. H. (1978). Effects of off-road vehicle traffic on soils and vegetation in the Denali Highway region of Alaska. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, (January-February), 20-27.
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Stephenson, G. (1999). Vehicle impacts on the biota of sandy beaches and coastal dunes.
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Sterrett, K. F. The arctic environment and the arctic surface effect vehicle.
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Texas Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. (2002). Off-Road Vehicles and Their Impact on Stream Environments: A Policy Statement from the Texas Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. Retrieved December 19, from http://www.sdafs.org/tcafs/content/orvpol.htm
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Tinsley, B. E. & Fish, E.B. (1985). Evaluation of trail erosion in Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas. Landscape Planning, 12:, 29-47.
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Tuttle, M. & Griggs, G. (1987). Soil erosion and management recommendations at three state vehicular recreation areas, California. Environmental Geological Water Science 10(2): 111-123.
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Voorhees, W.B., Senst, C.G., & Nelson, W.W. (1978). Compaction and soil structure modifications by wheel traffic in the northern corn belt. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42, 344-349.

Wentworth, D. S. (1972). Effect of snow compaction on frost penetration and soil temperature under natural conditions in central Maine.
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Wiedmer, M. (2002). Lower Kenai peninsula summer off-road vehicle trail stream crossings. Anchorage, Alaska, Alaska Department of Fish and Game: 1-23.
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Wildhire, H.G. & Nakata, J.K. (1976). Off-road vehicle effects on California's Mojave desert. California Geology, June 1976, 123-132.
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Wildhire, H.H., Nakata, J. K., Shipley, S. & Prestegaard, K. (1978). Impacts of vehicles on natural terrain at seven sites in the San Francisco Bay area. Environmental Geology, 2(5), 295-319.
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Zaiowski. D. (1981). Looking into soles and other weighty matters. Audubon 83(2): 17-20.
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